The antler inventory recovered at the fortified settlement of Lusatian culture people at Biskupin, distr. Żnin, woj. kujawsko-pomorskie, dated to Hallstatt C, is one of the richest assemblages of worked antler recorded in Poland. The entire set consist of 416 finished pieces and some 220 fragments of raw antler. This impressive group includes no less than 22 antler hammers type I (Fig. 1), their fragments and roughouts, all fashioned from the lower section of red deer antler beam (Fig. 2), found directly next to the bony core. The form of the butt suggests that only shed antler was used. From the surviving finished specimens, cast-offs, and roughouts it has been possible to reconstruct the sequence of production of antler hammers: 1) Softening the antler by treating with organic acids to facilitate its splitting up and subsequent working. 2) Severing an antler fragment of required size from the main beam. 3) Cutting off the brow tine and shaving away the knot left after this removal. The fragment of antler obtained in the described way had roughly the shape of the future hammer (Fig. 3). The above sequence applies only to situations where antler was being worked with a knife. If a saw was used antler was softened only after cutting off the fragment of the beam and removing the brow tine. 4) Working the hammer face, fashioned from the base of the antler beam, built of a layer of tough substantia compacta. The rounded form of the hammer face (Fig. 4c) was obtained by removing the burr (Fig. 4a) and carefully whittling away all the irregularities (Fig. 4b). 5) Working the hammer peen, fashioned from the surface obtained by cutting across the stem of the main beam. Work started by levelling the slightly protruding surface left by the truncation (Fig. 5a). The substantia spongiosa, relatively friable and soft, fashioned the main part of the peen’s surface, would have detracted from the efficient performance of the peen. Because of this, the spongy substance was removed and the additional reinforcement was provided by driving an antler tenon into a mortise formed by removing the spongy substance (Fig. 5b). The tenon was fashioned from the cut off end of an antler tine, built of tough substantia compacta (Fig. 5c). 6) Chiselling the rectangular shaft-hole, usually at mid-length of the tool, at the point originally occupied by the brow tine. The hole, given the substantial thickness of the hammers, was produced by drilling from opposite sides (Fig. 6). 7) Smoothing the hammer surface by whittling away the remaining pearls (Fig. 7a.b). Some of the specimens were subsequently also ground and polished (Fig. 7c). The dimensions of hammers from Biskupin are the following: L. 11,0–19,0 cm, butt D. 4.0–6.5 cm, peen D. – 3.0–5.5 cm, rectangular shaft-hole 3.0–5.0 to 4.0–6.5 cm. As has been noted the process of production involved using several different techniques of antler working: sawing, transverse cutting, breaking, chopping, shaving, chiselling, grinding and polishing. Macroscopic analysis of production traces which survive on the surface of roughout and finished hammers indicates that the Biskupin antlerworkers used knives (flint and metal), axes, adzes, serrated flint tools (saws), chisels as well as grindstones and stone polishers. Similar antler hammers were recovered at other Lusatian culture sites (eg Izdebno and Sobiejuchy, distr. Żnin), dated to the close of the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. As yet, the function of these tools is not entirely clear. On the basis of traces of use-wear seen on the hammer butts (minute and shallow dents surrounded by a web of similarly shallow cracks) it has been suggested that they may have been used as mallets, eg for hammering wooden wedges, propelling chisels, etc.